Tags: placeholder

I’m a big fan of the placeholder attribute introduced in HTML5. In my book, I described the cowpath it was paving:

1. When a form field has no value, insert some placeholder text into it.
2. When the user focuses on that field, remove the placeholder text.
3. If the user leaves the field and the field still has no value, reinstate the placeholder text.

That’s the behaviour that browsers mimicked when they began implementing the native placeholder functionality. I think Opera was first. Now all the major browsers support it.

But in some browsers, the details of that behaviour have changed slightly. In Chrome and Safari, when the user focuses on the field, the placeholder text remains. It’s not until the user actually begins to type that the placeholder text is removed.

Now, personally speaking, I’m not keen on this variation. It seems that I’m not alone. In an email to the WHATWG, Markus Ernst describes the problems that he’s noticed in user-testing where users are trying (and, of course, failing) to select the placeholder text in order to delete it before they begin typing.

It seems that a relevant number of users do not even try to start typing as long as the placeholder text remains visible.

But this isn’t so clear-cut. A quick straw poll at the Clearleft showed that opinions were divided on this. Some people prefer the newer behaviour …however it quickly became apparent that the situations they were thinking of were examples of where placeholder has been abused i.e. attempt to act as a label for the form field. In that situation, I agree, it would definitely be more useful for the labelling text to remain visible for as long as possible. But that’s not what placeholder is for. The placeholder attribute is intended to show a short hint (such as an example value)—it should be used in addition to a label; not instead of a label. I tend to use example content in my placeholder value and I nearly always begin with “e.g.”:

<label for="fn">Your Name</label>
<input id="fn" name="fn" type="text" placeholder="e.g. Joe Bloggs">

(Don’t forget: generating placeholders from datalists can be a handy little pattern.)

So if you’re using placeholder incorrectly as a label, then the WebKit behaviour is probably what you want. But if you’re using placeholder as intended, then the behaviour in the other browsers is probably more desirable. If you want to get Safari and Chrome to mimic the behaviour of the other browsers, here’s a handy bit of CSS (from that same thread on the WHATWG mailing list):

[placeholder]:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: transparent;
}

You can see that in action on search forms at The Session for recordings, events, discussions, etc.

Now, if you do want your label—or input mask—to appear within your form field and remain even when the user focuses on the field, go ahead and do that. Use a label element with some CSS and JavaScript trickery to get the effect you want. But don’t use the placeholder attribute.

Here’s a cute little markup pattern for ya.

Suppose you’ve got an input element that has—by means of a list attribute—an associated datalist. Here’s the example I used in HTML5 For Web Designers:

<label for="homeworld">Your home planet</label>
<input type="text" name="homeworld" id="homeworld" list="planets">
<datalist id="planets">
 <option value="Mercury">
 <option value="Venus">
 <option value="Earth">
 <option value="Mars">
 <option value="Jupiter">
 <option value="Saturn">
 <option value="Uranus">
 <option value="Neptune">
</datalist>

That results in a combo-box control in supporting browsers: as you type in the text field, you are presented with a subset of the options in the datalist that match what you are typing. It’s more powerful than a regular select, because you aren’t limited by the list of options: you’re free to type something that isn’t in the list (like, say, “Pluto”).

I’ve already written about the design of datalist and how you can use a combination of select and input using the same markup to be backward-compatible. I like datalist.

I also like the placeholder attribute. Another recent addition to HTML, this allows you to show an example of the kind of content you’d like the user to enter (note: this is not the same as a label).

It struck me recently that all the options in a datalist are perfectly good candidates for placeholder text. In the example above, I could update the input element to include:

<input type="text" name="homeworld" id="homeworld" list="planets" placeholder="Mars">

or:

<input type="text" name="homeworld" id="homeworld" list="planets" placeholder="Saturn">

I wrote a little piece of JavaScript to do this:

1. Loop through all the input elements that have a list attribute.
2. Find the corresponding datalist element (its ID will match the list attribute).
3. Pick a random option element from that datalist.
4. Set the placeholder value of the input to that option value.

Put that JavaScript at the end of your document (or link to it from the end of your document) and you’re all set. You might want to tweak it a little: I find it helps to preface placeholder values with “e.g.” to make it clear that this is an example value. You can do that by changing the last line of the script:

input.setAttribute('placeholder','e.g. '+value);

You also might want to show more than one possible value. You might want the placeholder value to read “e.g. Mercury, Venus, Earth, etc.” …I’ll leave that as an exercise for the reader.